<section>
  <h2>Why Choose Manual Metal Arc Welding Rods?</h2>
  <p>Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMA) is the oldest form of arc welding, dating back to 1888 in Russia. MMA welding rods remain popular due to their simplicity of setup, especially for on-site welding applications. They do not require shielding gas, making them ideal for open spaces where wind may disrupt the gas flow.</p>
</section>

<section>
  <h2>Types of Welding Rods</h2>
  <p>Arc stability, penetration depth, metal deposition rate, and positional capability depend on the chemical composition of the flux coating on the welding electrode. Welding rods can be classified into three main groups based on their flux coating.</p>
</section>

<section>
  <h2>Rods with a Rutile Coating</h2>
  <p>Welding rods with a rutile flux coating, such as the popular grade 6013, contain a high proportion of titanium oxide (rutile) in the coating. These electrodes promote easy arc ignition, smooth arc operation, and low spatter, making them highly preferred for their weldability and ease of use. They are suitable for general-purpose welding applications on mild steels, compatible with both AC and DC welding machines and can be used in all welding positions.</p>
  <p><strong>Features of rutile welding rods:</strong></p>
  <ul>
    <li>Moderate mechanical properties in the welding deposit</li>
    <li>Good bead appearance produced through the viscous slag</li>
    <li>Positional welding possible with a fluid slag (containing fluoride)</li>
    <li>Easily removable slag</li>
  </ul>
</section>

<section>
  <h2>Cellulosic Welding Rods</h2>
  <p>Cellulosic welding rods, commonly referred to as '6010 or 6011 welding rods,' contain a high proportion of cellulose in the coating. They are known for their deeply penetrating arc and rapid burn-off rate, enabling higher welding speeds. However, the weld deposit can be coarse, and slag removal can be challenging. These electrodes are versatile and can be used in any position, particularly in the 'stovepipe' welding technique.</p>
  <p><strong>Features of cellulosic welding rods:</strong></p>
  <ul>
    <li>Deep penetration in all positions</li>
    <li>Suitability for welding vertically downwards</li>
    <li>Reasonably good mechanical properties</li>
  </ul>
</section>